Salidroside attenuates high glucose-induced rat renal glomerular endothelial cell injury via up-regulating HIF-1α expression / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) , vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) in cultured rat renal glomerular endothelial cells (rRGECs) exposed to glucose at different concentrations in vitro, and to verify the hypothesis that salidroside attenuates high glucose (HG) -induced injury of rRGECs by boosting HIF-1αlevel.METHODS:rRGECs were divided into 4group:normal glucose (NG) group, HG groups, hypertonic group and salidroside+HG group.The viability of rRGECs was measured by MTT assay.The mRNA expression of VEGFA, VE-cadherin and HIF-1αwas detected by RT-qPCR.The protein expression of HIF-1αwas determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with NG group, the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1αwas increased when the rRGECs were treated with glucose at concentration of 20 mmol/L for 24h (P<0.01).Compared with NG group, the mRNA expression of HIF-1αwas decreased in HG groups for 120 h (P<0.05).Compared with NG group, the mRNA expression of VE-cadherin was significantly down-regulated in HG groups for24 h or 120 h (P<0.05).Compared with NG group, the mRNA expression of VEGFA was increased in HG groups at 24h (P<0.05) , while the mRNA expression of VEGFA was decreased at 120 h (P<0.05).Compared with NG group, no statistical difference in the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VE-cadherin and VEGFA in DM group was observed.Compared with HG group, salidroside promoted the viability of rRGECs (P<0.01) , and up-regulated the mRNA expression of HIF-1αand VE-cadherin, and the protein expression of HIF-1α (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:High glucose regulates HIF-1αexpression in rRGECs in connection with cell viability, the concentration of glucose, the culture time and HIF/VEGF signaling.Salidroside promotes rRGEC growth against high glucose-induced cell apoptosis via up-regulating the expression of HIF-1α.

External Quality Analysis of Quality Indicators on Specimen Acceptability / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the status of quality indicators(QI) on specimen acceptability and establish preliminary qual ity specification.Methods Web based External Quality Assessment system was used to collect data of laboratories partici pated in "Medical quality control indicators in clinical laboratory" from 2015 to 2017,including once in 2015 and 2017 and twice in 2016.Rate and sigma scales were used to evaluate incorrect sample type,incorrect sample container,incorrect fill level and anticoagulant sample clotted.The 25th percentile (P25) and 75th percentile (P75) of the distribution of each QI were employed to establish the high,medium and low specification.Results 5 346,7 593,5 950 and 6 874 laboratories sub mitted the survey results respectively.The P50 of biochemistry (except incorrect fill level),immunology and microbiology reach to 6σ.The P50 of clinical laboratory is 4 to 6σ except for incorrect sample container.There is no significant change of the continuous survey results.Based on results in 2017 to establish the quality specification,the P25 and P75 of the four QIs is 0 and 0.084 4 ％,0 and 0.047 6 ％,0 and 0.114 2 ％,0 and 0.078 4 ％,respectively.Conclusion According to the results of the survey,most laboratories had a faire performance in biochemistry,immunology and microbiology,and clinical laboratory needs to be strengthened.Laboratories should strengthen the laboratory information system construction to ensure the actual and reliable data collection,and make a long time monitoring to achieve a better quality.

Dynamic respond of stresses in lumbar vertebrae during getting up / 医用生物力学

Objective To reveal the characteristics of dynamic response from stresses in lumbar intervertebral discs during getting up. Methods A finite element model of lumbar vertebrae (L1-5) with consideration of nonlinear and anisotropic material properties was established and validated by comparing the experimental data. Based on this model, the complete process of getting up from supine lying, rising and turning left to sitting up on the bedside were simulated, and the distributions and dynamic changes of stresses in the model during getting up were calculated. Results The stress and its distributions in annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and endplate of lumbar vertebrae during getting up changed constantly. The stresses were mainly concentrated on the dorsal part of lumbar vertebrae, and the maximum stress was located at L4-5 intervertebral disc. Peak stresses occurred when the body trunk turned about 35° -62° from supine lying, which were 3 times and 17 times of those during sitting firmly and supine lying, respectively. Conclusion As a high incidence area of injury and degeneration, the dorsal part of L4-5 intervertebral disc in daily activities may be subjected to an extensive stress, which is higher than that predicted by static experiments and calculations. Dynamic simulation can help to further understand the loading characteristics of intervertebral discs and provide a scientific reference for prevention and treatment of related lumbar disease.

Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for elderly patients with malignant liver tumors / 上海预防医学

Objective To compare the curative effect and short-term benefits of laparoscopic liver resection with open liver resection in elderly patients with malignant liver tumors and medical comorbidities.Methods Patients aged 70 and over who received liver resections for malignant liver tumors between January and October 2015 were enrolled.The perioperative outcomes of 17 patients with laparoscopic approach were matched and compared with those of 34 patients with conventional open approach in a 1:2 ratio.Results There was no significant difference found between the two groups with regard to age,gender,incidence of comorbid illness,hepatitis B positivity,and Child-Pugh grading of liver function.The median tumor size was 3 cm for both groups.The types of liver resection were similar between the two groups with no significant difference in the duration of operation (laparoscopic: 195 min vs.open: 210 min,P=0.436).The perioperative blood loss was 150 mL in the laparoscopic group and 330 mL in the open group (P=0.046) with no significant difference in the number of patients with blood transfusion.The duration of hospital stay was 6 days (3-15 days) for the laparoscopic group and 8 days (5-105 days) for the open group (P=0.005).Conclusion Laparoscopic liver resection is safe and feasible for elderly patients.The short-term benefits of laparoscopic approach proves to be evident for geriatric oncological liver surgery.

Viral etiology of 363 elderly people with influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infections in Pudong New Area, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory viruses among influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai , so as to help estimate the disease burden and conduct the valuable control strategies . Methods Respiratory specimen ( throat swab or sputum ) from cases older than 65 years old with ILI/SARI were collected from outpatient and inpatient settings in four sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area . Each specimen was tested by multiplex PCR for eight target viral etiologies , including influenza virus , human rhinoviruses ( HRV ) , human para-influenza virus ( PIV ) , adenoviruses ( ADV ) , respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) , human metapneumovirus ( hMPV ) , human coronavirus ( hCoV ) and human bocavirus ( hBoV) .Chi-square tests or Fisher's Exact Test were used to compare and analyze . Results From January 1st, 2014 to June 30st, 2016, a total of 363 elderly cases with ILI/SARI were enrolled, with 202 (55.65%) male and a median age of 70 years old.142(39.12%) patients were detected posi-tive for any one of the eight viruses.Influenza was the predominant virus (20.94%, 76/363), with the positive proportion of ( 29 .83%) among ILI cases and ( 12 .09%) among SARI cases .The Influenza infection presented two seasonal peaks in winter ( December to February ) and summer ( July to September ) . Conclusion Influenza is identified as the leading viral pathogen both among ILI and SARI cases older than 65 years old, and two seasonal epidemic peaks areobserved in Shanghai .Influenza vacci-nation strategy should be advocated for the elderly population in Shanghai .

Surveillance and analysis on diarrheal disease pathogen spectrum among children under 5 years old in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City / 上海预防医学

[Objective] To investigate the pathogen spectrum and characteristics of diarrheal disea-ses among children under five and to provide the basis for prevention and control measures . [ Methods] From February 2012 to January 2013, a total of 619 cases from 2 sentinel hospitals were collected for case survey .From them were collected stool specimens for detection of enteric pathogenic bacteria and virus nu-cleic acids. [Results] The virus detection rate was norovirus (11.95%), rotavirus(7.27%), enteric adenovirus(2.91%), saporovirus(1.45%) and astrovirus(0.97%).The bacteria detection rate was E. coli(5.65%), nontyphoidal salmonella (2.42%), campylobacter (0.81%), aeromonas hydrophila (0.65%),shigella(0.48%) and yersinia enterocolitica (0.32%).The virus detection rate was 27.70%from August to next March, which showed higher than that of other months (18.48%) (χ2 =7.18,P <0.05).The bacteria detection rate was 15.34%from April to October, showing higher than the rate of oth-er months(3.15%)(χ2 =31.22,P<0.05). [Conclusion] Norovirus is the main pathogen for viral diarrheal diseases in children under five and E .coli is the main pathogen of bacterial diarrheal diseases . All study results suggested that summer and autumn should be as the focus time in prevention and control of bacterial diarrhea , while those of viral diarrhea should cover the whole year .

Chemical approaches for trapping protein thiols and their oxidative modification / 药学学报

Redox signal transduction, especially the oxidative modification of proein thiols, correlates with many diseases and becomes an expanding research area. However, there was rare method for quick and specific detection of protein thiols and their oxidative modification in living cells. In this article, we review the current chemical strategies for the detection and quantification of protein thiols and related cysteine oxidation. We also look into the future of the development of fluorescent probes for protein thiols and their potential application in the research of reactive cysteine proteomes and early detection of redox-related diseases.

Mutation of 5'noncoding region of the bcl-6 gene in diffuse large B cell lymphomas / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the mutation of 5'noncoding region of bcl-6 gene in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its effect on lymphoma pathogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>38 DLBCL, 2 reactive hyperplasias, 5 follicular lymphomas and 5 T cell lymphomas were chosen for PCR direct sequence analysis using two sets of primers in 5'noncoding region of the bcl-6 gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No mutation was found in the marginal region of reactive hyperplasias, T cell lymphomas, and follicular lymphomas but detected in 1/2 of the follicular center cells, and 7/38 cases of DLBCL. The incidence is less than that seen in other reports. Basepairs substitution and point insertion were the main mutation types.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The positive rate of mutation of 5'noncoding region of bcl-6 gene in DLBCL is 18.7%, less frequent than the published data of DLBCL reported in other countries. It may, in some extent, participate in the pathogenesis and progression of DLBCL.</p>

Mutation analysis of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes in Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To determine the germ-line mutations of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes in Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families' probands or in patients fulfilling different clinical criteria or guidelines; to clarify the nature and distribution of the mutations; to evaluate the sensitivity of different clinical criteria in mutation prediction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The entire coding regions (35 exons including exon-intron boundaries) of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes were directly sequenced in 24 Amsterdam criteria (AC) probands, 15 Japanese criteria (JC) probands (except AC kindreds) and 19 Bethesda guidelines (BG) patients (except two former groups). All available affected and unaffected members from families of those with mutations were screened for mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 16 unrelated families selected by the different clinical criteria, 17 germ-line mutations were found with 11 (64.7%) of hMLH1 and 6 (35.3%) of hMSH2. Two mutations were identified in one of the families. Among the 17 germ-line mutations, 12 had not been reported previously. A diversified mutation spectrum was found, but 6 hMLH1 mutations were found to be concentrated in the region encompassing exon 14, 15 and 16. There was a wide spectrum of mutation type including frame shift, nonsense, splice site mutation, in frame insertion or deletion and missense mutations. The mutation detection rate of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in the AC group was significantly higher than that in the JC group (12/24 vs. 3/15). On the other hand, a low mutation rate (1/19) was detected in 19 BG patients. The mutation cosegregated with disease. Besides, three different genotypes in tumors from probands of mutation-positive families were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>hMSH2 and hMLH1 mutations in Chinese HNPCC families show a wide spectrum. It seems that hMLH1 gene is involved more frequently than hMSH2 gene in Chinese HNPCC families. Different clinical criteria predict mutations with different sensitivities. The Amsterdam Criteria are most sensitive, while Japanese Criteria are highly practical and the Bethesda Guidelines are also practical to some extent. Gene mutations cosegregate with the disease phenotype. Carriers with no symptom in HNPCC families are most vulnerable groups, follow-ups are required for this group to get early diagnosis and to prevent the development of CRCs.</p>